Classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is learning through association. This behavioral learning method was first studied in the late 19th century by ...

Stress is the brain’s natural response to fear, but it often disrupts memory in the process, potentially impacting the possibility of memory loss. When preparing for a big presentation or taking a ...

The delicate balance between discrimination and generalization of responses is crucial for survival in our ever-changing environment. In particular, it is important to understand how stimulus ...

Perceptual disorders relating to hearing, smell, somatosensation, taste, touch, and vision commonly impair stroke survivors’ ability to interpret sensory information, impacting on their ability to ...

The generalization of fear responses toward neutral stimuli is a highly prevalent and debilitating dimension of trauma- and anxiety-related disorders. Understanding the neural circuits that underlie ...

A hallmark of anxiety disorders is the tendency to overgeneralize fear-related behaviors toward harmless stimuli or situations. But little is known about the factors contributing to overgeneralization ...

Fear generalization is the production of fear responses to a stimulus that is similar—but not identical—to a threatening stimulus. Although prior studies have found that fear generalization magnitudes ...

Intelligent behavior requires integrating several sources of information in a meaningful fashion-be it context with stimulus or shape with color and size. This requires the underlying neural mechanism ...