Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) has emerged as an appealing approach in radiation oncology due to its outstanding performance in tumor control and ability to preserve normal tissues.

Applied Bioinformatics, Department for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, ...

All of us solve a “shortest path” problem many times a day. Unintentionally of course. We solve it on our way work or when we browse the Internet or when we arrange our things on a desk. Sounds a bit… ...

This module performs simulated annealing optimization to find the optimal state of a system. It is inspired by the metallurgic process of annealing whereby metals must be cooled at a regular schedule ...

This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2009. Contributed by Christos Papadimitriou, September 12, 2014 (sent ...

Qudit is a multi-level computational unit alternative to the conventional 2-level qubit. Compared to qubit, qudit provides a larger state space to store and process information, and thus can provide ...

How do words develop new senses? Unlike changes in sound or grammar where there are rich formal characterizations, semantic change is poorly understood. Changes in meaning are often considered ...

Graph sparsification is the approximation of an arbitrary graph by a sparse graph. We explain what it means for one graph to be a spectral approximation of another and review the development of ...