Abstract: In energy-only electricity markets, the operational reserve demand curve is a scarcity pricing mechanism adopted to address the shortage of reserves and incentivize the generators. It is ...

OIPD computes the market's expectations about the probable future prices of an asset, based on information contained in options data.

Abstract: Evidential reasoning (ER) rule has been widely used in dealing with uncertainty. As an important parameter to measure the inherent property of evidence, the evidence reliability makes the ER ...