At its core, a programming language is a set of instructions that enables humans to communicate with computers—using a series of symbols that serve as a bridge that allows humans to turn our ideas ...

Note July 6th 2025: this post’s original title was “A list is a monad”. It has been changed to “List is a monad”. Note Sept 13 2025: this post has been revised based on the feedback from the Hacker ...

What is the effect of programming languages on software quality? This question has been a topic of much debate for a very long time. In this study, we gather a very large data set from GitHub (728 ...