A cystogram is used to diagnose bladder problems, including urinary reflux and injuries to the bladder. There are risks of a bladder infection after a cystogram, but they are rare. If you think you ...

With the refinement of steroid methods and greater availability of these determinations accurate evaluation of adrenal function in patients with protean complaints of obscure etiology is feasible. Two ...

Pune: A govt resolution issued on Jan 16 said the state would now charge for every single service, which were free or cost minimal over the last two years, provided at various govt hospitals in ...

A urologist is a specialist physician who treats problems with the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. Urologists have extensive medical training, including four years each of college and ...

What is an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)? An IVP is an imaging test used to look at the kidneys and ureters. The ureters are the narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. During the ...

Your doctor may recommend this exam if you have blood in your urine or pain in your side or lower back. This test lets your doctor see the size and shape of your bladder, kidneys, and ureters, and how ...

Kidney stones are hard, pebble-like masses or crystals that can form inside your kidneys. They can result from the minerals and salts that are dissolved in your pee, especially if you haven't been ...

What is a retrograde pyelogram? A retrograde pyelogram is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at your bladder, ureters, and kidneys. The ureters are the long tubes that connect your kidneys to ...

Fluoroscopy shows a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, much like an X-ray movie. During the procedure, an X-ray beam is continuously passed through the specific body part being examined. The images ...

We conducted a systematic review of the literature based on preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched three different electronic databases ...

If you have symptoms of bladder cancer, such as blood in your urine (hematuria), your doctor may suggest additional testing to determine whether you have cancer. You may need to have several tests to ...

You may be asked to wear a hospital gown and remove all jewelry and metal objects, such as watches, necklaces, eyeglasses, and the like. Depending on the type of X-ray, you may be required to stand, ...