BPC-157 and TB-500, originating from gastric and thymic sources respectively, both influence angiogenesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Their combined effects may ...

Cells and tissues have a multitude of methods for intercellular communication. Nanoscale assemblies that transfer proteins and RNAs between cells are known, but the impacts of external additions or ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles secreted by cells that mediate intercellular communication by transporting biomolecules such as proteins and RNA. Among them, ...

Differences in the surface negative charge between EXOs and PM-EVs manifest as variations in target cell specificity and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, zeta potential measurement can serve as one of the ...

The article, titled "Emerging roles of immune cell-derived neurotransmitters in immunity and disease," published on March 17, 2026, in Immunity & Inflammation, provides a timely and authoritative ...

Neurological conditions are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide (GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators, 2024), with millions of people affected by chronic inflammatory disorders of ...

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CARs, chimeric antigen receptors; CD, cluster of differentiation; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; IL, interleukin; NK, natural killer; PD1 ...

Abstract: Intercellular communication is crucial for organ function, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) acting as common messengers for almost all cells. This study proposes a novel EV-mediated ...

Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale vesicles that can be secreted by all cell types, are intracellular in origin and have the same composition as their parent cells, play a key role in intercellular ...