Foundational optimization algorithms are the core driving force behind deep learning, evolving from early stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to the widely adopted Adam family. However, as the scale of ...

Gradients of extracellular signals are used to organise the distribution of different cell types within tissues. It is unclear how cells adopt different cell types when they are migrating along ...

Intestinal inflammation in farmed fish is a non-infectious disease that deserves attention because it is a major issue linked to carnivorous fishes. The current norm is to formulate feeds based on ...

In recent years, the concept of "shortcuts to adiabaticity" has been originally proposed to speed up sufficiently slow adiabatic process in various quantum systems without final excitation. Based on ...

The paper briefly presents some essential concepts and features of light fields with strong spatial inhomogeneity of amplitude, phase, polarization, and other parameters. It contains a ...

Many cell types can find their ways in the environment following gradients of external signaling molecules either by migrating (chemotaxis) or growing (chemotropism) toward the source of the signal.