When people hear about metal ion baths, chances are they are thinking about an ionic foot bath or an ionic foot detox. However, there are other practical applications for the ionization process. One ...

Ion beam-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (IB-MBE) combines ion beam technology with MBE to enhance thin-film growth precision. This technique utilizes controlled energetic ions to modify physical ...

Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a versatile and widely used technique for separating biomolecules based on charge. It plays a critical role in protein purification in research and ...

Electroanalytical techniques use electrical quantities such as charge, current, or potential and measure their relations with chemical parameters. This field involves studying chemical reaction ...