H. pylori can be spread by kissing, sharing food, and drinking contaminated water. It can cause stomach pain, heartburn, and ulcers if not treated. Antibiotic treatment lasts 14 days and combines ...

Bacteria adapt readily to many different nutritional environments by altering gene expression in accordance with the availability of particular nutrients. Each metabolic gene or operon is regulated by ...

Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) represent the minimal antigen binding-competent form of the immunoglobulin domain and have unique properties and applications. SdAbs are naturally produced as parts of ...

The agriculture sector is facing challenges caused by ongoing climate change resulting in prolonged drought events due to a lack of precipitation, waterlogging events caused by extreme rainfall, and ...

† Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People’s Republic of China ‡ Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ...

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Contributed by Paul G. Falkowski; received September 15, 2025; accepted January 7, 2026; reviewed by Barry D. Bruce and Nir Keren ...