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What is the VAT Flat Rate Scheme and how does it work?

The VAT Flat Rate Scheme makes bookkeeping easier by allowing you to pay a fixed percentage of your VAT-inclusive turnover to ...
IEEE

Disturbance Observer-Based Neural Network Control of a 2-DOF Helicopter System With Input Saturation and Output Constraints

Abstract: This article presents a disturbance observer (DO)-based neural network (NN) control for a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) helicopter system with input saturation, external disturbances, and ...
Investopedia

International Reserves: Examples and Meaning

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Katrina Ávila Munichiello is an experienced editor, writer, fact-checker, and proofreader ...
National Bureau of Economic Research

Scale Economies, Input-Output Loops, and Trade

This paper studies the equilibrium and welfare implications of quantitative trade models with sector-level external economies of scale (EES). While empirical evidence highlights the importance of EES, ...