cDepartment of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan dDivision of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan eSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine ...

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The development of innovative vaccine platforms, including protein subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, has advanced rapidly and established new technical paradigms for infectious disease prophylaxis.

The suckling rat model is simple to handle and relatively low-cost, and is often used for preliminary screening of vaccine immunogenicity and challenge protection experiments; however, since most ...