Advances in Applied Probability, Vol. 50, No. 1 (2018), pp. 272-301 (30 pages) We consider a family of directed exponential random graph models parametrized by edges and outward stars. Much of the ...
BACKGROUND Stewart (1947) and Clark (1951) proposed that urban population density is a negative exponential function of the distance from a city’s center. This model of the spatial distribution of ...