How to use VLOOKUP in Google Sheets to search for specific data and replicate it across spreadsheets

You can use VLOOKUP with Google Sheets similar to how the search function is used to find information in Excel.
JournalofAccountancy

Excel 365 has X-cellent upgrade over VLOOKUP

lookup_value is the value we want Excel to search for. lookup_array is where we want Excel to search for the lookup value. return_array is where the data exists that we want Excel to return.
Ars Technica

Excel question: Out of memory on a VLOOKUP function. How do I work around it?

I am running into the dreaded "Excel cannot complete this task with available resources" dialog box in Excel while trying to fill a column with a simple VLOOKUP equation. I have one column with ...