Arguably, almost all truly intriguing systems are ones that are far away from equilibrium -- such as stars, planetary atmospheres, and even digital circuits. But, until now, systems far from thermal ...

Thermodynamic properties play a central role in understanding electrochemical systems, offering insights into the energy exchanges and phase equilibria governing material behaviour. Advances in ...

The Laws of Thermodynamics are the foundation of heat transfer and energy work. When any engineer is designing or implementing a system, the consideration of heat loss or energy produced is influenced ...

The study of small systems has catalysed a deeper understanding of thermodynamic phenomena, particularly where traditional bulk assumptions begin to fail. Recent theoretical and experimental ...