Originally defined as the ratio between the circumference of a circle and its diameter, pi — written as the Greek letter π — appears throughout mathematics, including in areas that are completely ...

Real Numbers, one of the most important and scoring topics in the syllabus. This chapter lays the foundation for advanced mathematical concepts such as arithmetic progressions, polynomials, and number ...

IN the first of these tracts Prof. Dedekind gives a theory of irrational numbers and of the arithmetical continuum which is logically perfect, and in form, perhaps, more simple and direct than any ...