It was called ‘complement’ because it aided the antibacterial activity of antibodies. However, it is now known that the complement system can be activated early in an infection without the presence of ...

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), the complement system and the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) each consists of a large number of distinct plasma and membrane-bound proteins and receptors that can ...

The complement system is an essential part of the innate immunity that is involved in the elimination of pathogens as well as participating in the body’s immune surveillance against cancer. However, ...

Among people with sickle cell disease—an inherited blood disorder—acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death. The condition is the result of red blood cells becoming stiff, sticky, and ...