Classical and scientific management theories emphasize efficiency and task specialization through systematic study of workers ...

Classical management theory was introduced in the late 19th century. It became widespread in the first half of the 20th century, as organizations tried to address issues of industrial management, ...

A method of social planning is presented which can be used to fulfill a social welfare criterion with normative values. The purpose is to show how a social welfare model which includes cultural norms ...

Optimal control theory for differential equations is a pivotal discipline that combines rigorous mathematical analysis with practical applications in engineering, economics, and the natural sciences.